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Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sun exposure and sun protection among female students living at high altitude areas, Abha, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

global-health
public-health
environmental-health

Abstract

Background: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major risk factor for skin damage and skin cancer, particularly in high-altitude regions where UV intensity is elevated. Despite awareness of sun protection measures, gaps remain in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among young adults, particularly university students. This study evaluates the KAP of female students at King Khalid University in Abha, Saudi Arabia, regarding sun exposure and protection.

Objectives: To assess students' understanding of sun exposure risks and protective measures, to identify students’ attitudes toward sun safety, and to determine students' sun exposure and protection practices.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 female students from various academic programs using a stratified random sampling method. Data collection was performed using a validated questionnaire assessing sociodemographic details, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS V.25, with descriptive statistics determining frequency and percentages, and inferential statistics assessing relationships between KAP variables.

Results: The majority of participants (77.1%) were aware of the stronger sun rays at high altitudes, and 72.9% recognized high UV intensity. However, misconceptions persisted, with 55.2% believing sunscreen use before age 30 causes skin darkening. While 66.5% reported using sun protection, inconsistencies in sunscreen use and other protective behaviors were observed. Statistically significant relationships were found between academic year and sun-related knowledge (p=0.0001), as well as between knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Conclusion: Despite good awareness and positive attitudes toward sun protection, practical application remains inconsistent. Targeted educational campaigns and culturally appropriate interventions are essential to bridging the gap between knowledge and practice. Future studies should focus on evaluating intervention effectiveness and long-term behavioral changes.

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