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A blockchain-enhanced fuzzy trust framework for secure and efficient task offloading in vehicular data transmission

artificial-intelligence
mobile-and-ubiquitous-computing
security-and-privacy
internet-of-things
blockchain

Abstract

Secure and efficient data forwarding is a fundamental component of edge services in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). However, existing transmission methods, such as multi-criteria decision-making, often suffer from computational complexity, high communication overhead, and privacy risks. We propose a novel fuzzy trust-based data forwarding scheme incorporating incentive consensus to address these challenges. First, each candidate relay vehicle's fuzzy trust is assessed using historical forwarding records and real-time capabilities, ensuring privacy protection. Next, an incentive consensus mechanism is introduced, where forwarding record uploads and consensus processes are conducted at roadside units, guaranteeing data integrity and resistance to tampering. Additionally, incentive rules are formulated to encourage high-trust vehicles to participate in data forwarding. The scheme was evaluated using the VANETSIM vehicular network simulator and the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform. Experimental results show that our scheme reduces the packet loss rate by up to 10% (and by 20% in low traffic flow scenarios) when the proportion of malicious nodes reaches 30%. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can reduce the number of forwarding hops by more than 50\% when the incentive token value is set to 15. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing both the security and performance of vehicular data transmission.
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